无监督和半监督的ML方法，例如变异自动编码器（VAE），由于其在分离的表述方面的能力以及找到具有复杂实验数据的潜在分类和回归的能力，因此在多个物理，化学和材料科学方面已广泛采用。 。像其他ML问题一样，VAE需要高参数调整，例如，平衡Kullback Leibler（KL）和重建项。但是，训练过程以及由此产生的歧管拓扑和连通性不仅取决于超参数，还取决于训练过程中的演变。由于在高维超参数空间中详尽搜索的效率低下，因此我们在这里探索了一种潜在的贝叶斯优化方法（ZBO）方法，用于用于无监督和半监测的ML的超参数轨迹优化，并证明了连接的ML，并证明VAE具有旋转不变。我们证明了这种方法的应用，用于寻找血浆纳米颗粒材料系统的MNIST和实验数据的联合离散和连续旋转不变表示。已广泛讨论了所提出的方法的性能，它允许对其他ML模型进行任何高维超参数调整或轨迹优化。

机器学习方法的最新进展以及扫描探针显微镜（SPMS）的可编程接口的新兴可用性使自动化和自动显微镜在科学界的关注方面推向了最前沿。但是，启用自动显微镜需要开发特定于任务的机器学习方法，了解物理发现与机器学习之间的相互作用以及完全定义的发现工作流程。反过来，这需要平衡领域科学家的身体直觉和先验知识与定义实验目标和机器学习算法的奖励，这些算法可以将它们转化为特定的实验协议。在这里，我们讨论了贝叶斯活跃学习的基本原理，并说明了其对SPM的应用。我们从高斯过程作为一种简单的数据驱动方法和对物理模型的贝叶斯推断作为基于物理功能的扩展的贝叶斯推断，再到更复杂的深内核学习方法，结构化的高斯过程和假设学习。这些框架允许使用先验数据，在光谱数据中编码的特定功能以及在实验过程中表现出的物理定律的探索。讨论的框架可以普遍应用于结合成像和光谱，SPM方法，纳米识别，电子显微镜和光谱法以及化学成像方法的所有技术，并且对破坏性或不可逆测量的影响特别影响。

We address the problem of extracting key steps from unlabeled procedural videos, motivated by the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) headsets to revolutionize job training and performance. We decompose the problem into two steps: representation learning and key steps extraction. We employ self-supervised representation learning via a training strategy that adapts off-the-shelf video features using a temporal module. Training implements self-supervised learning losses involving multiple cues such as appearance, motion and pose trajectories extracted from videos to learn generalizable representations. Our method extracts key steps via a tunable algorithm that clusters the representations extracted from procedural videos. We quantitatively evaluate our approach with key step localization and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the extracted representations on related downstream tasks like phase classification. Qualitative results demonstrate that the extracted key steps are meaningful to succinctly represent the procedural tasks.

Person recognition at a distance entails recognizing the identity of an individual appearing in images or videos collected by long-range imaging systems such as drones or surveillance cameras. Despite recent advances in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), this remains challenging. Images or videos collected by long-range cameras often suffer from atmospheric turbulence, blur, low-resolution, unconstrained poses, and poor illumination. In this paper, we provide a brief survey of recent advances in person recognition at a distance. In particular, we review recent work in multi-spectral face verification, person re-identification, and gait-based analysis techniques. Furthermore, we discuss the merits and drawbacks of existing approaches and identify important, yet under explored challenges for deploying remote person recognition systems in-the-wild.

We investigate the asymptotic properties of deep Residual networks (ResNets) as the number of layers increases. We first show the existence of scaling regimes for trained weights markedly different from those implicitly assumed in the neural ODE literature. We study the convergence of the hidden state dynamics in these scaling regimes, showing that one may obtain an ODE, a stochastic differential equation (SDE) or neither of these. In particular, our findings point to the existence of a diffusive regime in which the deep network limit is described by a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Finally, we derive the corresponding scaling limits for the backpropagation dynamics.

We address the problem of few-shot classification where the goal is to learn a classifier from a limited set of samples. While data-driven learning is shown to be effective in various applications, learning from less data still remains challenging. To address this challenge, existing approaches consider various data augmentation techniques for increasing the number of training samples. Pseudo-labeling is commonly used in a few-shot setup, where approximate labels are estimated for a large set of unlabeled images. We propose DiffAlign which focuses on generating images from class labels. Specifically, we leverage the recent success of the generative models (e.g., DALL-E and diffusion models) that can generate realistic images from texts. However, naive learning on synthetic images is not adequate due to the domain gap between real and synthetic images. Thus, we employ a maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) loss to align the synthetic images to the real images minimizing the domain gap. We evaluate our method on the standard few-shot classification benchmarks: CIFAR-FS, FC100, miniImageNet, tieredImageNet and a cross-domain few-shot classification benchmark: miniImageNet to CUB. The proposed approach significantly outperforms the stateof-the-art in both 5-shot and 1-shot setups on these benchmarks. Our approach is also shown to be effective in the zero-shot classification setup

Scoring the factuality of a generated summary involves measuring the degree to which a target text contains factual information using the input document as support. Given the similarities in the problem formulation, previous work has shown that Natural Language Inference models can be effectively repurposed to perform this task. As these models are trained to score entailment at a sentence level, several recent studies have shown that decomposing either the input document or the summary into sentences helps with factuality scoring. But is fine-grained decomposition always a winning strategy? In this paper we systematically compare different granularities of decomposition -- from document to sub-sentence level, and we show that the answer is no. Our results show that incorporating additional context can yield improvement, but that this does not necessarily apply to all datasets. We also show that small changes to previously proposed entailment-based scoring methods can result in better performance, highlighting the need for caution in model and methodology selection for downstream tasks.

This paper proposes a data and Machine Learning-based forecasting solution for the Telecommunications network-rollout planning problem. Milestone completion-time estimation is crucial to network-rollout planning; accurate estimates enable better crew utilisation and optimised cost of materials and logistics. Using historical data of milestone completion times, a model needs to incorporate domain knowledge, handle noise and yet be interpretable to project managers. This paper proposes partition-based regression models that incorporate data-driven statistical models within each partition, as a solution to the problem. Benchmarking experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains competitive to better performance, at a small fraction of the model complexity of the best alternative approach based on Gradient Boosting. Experiments also demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective for both short and long-range forecasts. The proposed idea is applicable in any context requiring time-series regression with noisy and attributed data.

本文介绍了一种在同时定位和映射（SLAM）框架中进行可靠测量的方法。现有方法在成对的基础上检查一致性或兼容性，但是在成对场景中，许多测量类型都没有足够的约束，以确定是否与其他测量不一致。本文介绍了组-K $一致性最大化（G $ K $ cm），该估计最大的测量值是内部组的一致性。可以为最大的组$ k $一致测量的求解作为广义图上最大集团问题的实例，并可以通过调整电流方法来解决。本文使用模拟数据评估了G $ K $ CM的性能，并将其与以前工作中介绍的成对一致性最大化（PCM）进行比较。

神经辐射场（NERF）的最新进展实现了最新的新型视图合成，并促进了场景特性的密集估计。但是，在非常稀疏的视图下捕获的大型无界场景通常会失败，而场景内容集中在远离相机的情况下，这是典型的现场机器人应用程序。特别是，NERF风格的算法的性能很差：（1）当视图不足而呈姿势多样性的情况不足时，（2）当场景包含饱和度和阴影时，以及（3）当对具有精细结构的大型无界场景进行精心采样时，计算中就会大量强度。本文提出了克隆器，它通过允许从稀疏输入传感器视图中观察到的大型户外驾驶场景来对NERF进行显着改善。这是通过将NERF框架内的占用和颜色学习分离成分别使用LIDAR和相机数据训练的单独的多层感知器（MLP）来实现的。此外，本文提出了一种新的方法，可以在NERF模型旁边构建可区分的3D占用网格图（OGM），并利用此占用网格来改进沿射线的点采样，以在度量空间中进行体积渲染。通过在Kitti数据集的场景上进行的广泛定量和定性实验，本文表明，在新的视图合成和密集的深度预测任务上对稀疏输入数据培训时，所提出的方法在新型视图合成和密集的深度预测任务上都优于最先进的NERF模型。